Article.
Julia Antonenko УДК
81'42:001.85 CONCEPTUALIZATION OF GENRE OF
REVIEW IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE: GENRE-BASED APPROACH The article is devoted to the conceptualization of
speech genre of the review in the scientific discourse throw genre-forming characteristic of the
communicative purpose. The author considers the dependence of peculiarities of
language realization of genre model from the dynamics of changing of the
communicative needs of the discourse community. The communicative requirements
of the scholars correct the set of communicative purposes of genre according to
actual necessities of the academic community. Keywords: speech genre,
review, scientific discourse, model of genre, discourse community,
communicative purpose.
Contemporary works
on speech genres in academic discourse have found the reflection in series of
works of modern scholars [Баженова 2010; Чернявская 2009; Яхонтова 2009; Bhatia 1993], but cognitive
and communicative peculiarities of scientific review genre model’s realization
in dynamics of change and development did not attract intently attention of
researchers, therefore, we can define the
relevance of chosen problem. Thus, the aims
of given article is to highlight the peculiarities of realization of genre
model of the scientific review in the academic discourse genre forming factor
of communicative purpose. The purpose raises the following tasks: the clarification of aspects of genre-based studying of the
review article; establishment of variety of review’s article communicative
purposes; disclosure the correlation between social and cultural
changes-in-time, conventions of discourse community and explication of
communicative purposes in genre. The analysis is based on the review articles of
academic journals “Вопросы языкознания” and “Вопросы литературы” within the period
commencing 1980 and ending 2010.Modern
linguistics consolidates many approaches and fields of studying the language
phenomena. Anthropocentric paradigm in the linguistics that proclaim indissoluble
unity of language and the native speaker of that given language sets scientists
thinking about overall research of communicative processes. The problems of
speech activity from the point of communicative view in genre studies are
working out. The field of genre studies resides in cross-discipline connection
with such approaches as cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, theory of
text, pragmatics. However, genre studies assume as a basis the conception of
speech genres founded by M.M. Bakhtin [Бахтин 1997]. The scientific
discourse coordinate the interaction between scientists and evince in set of
the speech genres which accomplish different communicative functions and
founded on common goals which should be achieved in accordance with all members
of discourse community shaping the discourse. Variety of speech
genres of scientific discourse clarify by plurality of communicative tasks
conventionally established in discourse community. The description of
communicative purpose of the scientific review seems like first step in
determination of cognitive and pragmatic peculiarities of the specified speech
genre. In our opinion, the communicative purpose of the scientific review can
be deduced from the whole complex of extralinguistic parameters that describes
various aspects of existence of scientific discourse. Suppose so, the
necessity of representation of the new scientific information revealed in such
speech genres as article, thesis, monograph, scientific report, etc., and needs
of critical re-understanding, systematization and impartial assessment of
scientific knowledge according to community development
exposed in the scientific review lays down the essential foundation of
scientific discourse. According to N. Mironova, it is possible to infer
that review is prototypical text representation of author’s evaluative intention [Миронова 1997: 66]. Let introduce
clarity into given view from the position of variety of pragmatic strategies
puts into discourse practice. The set of communicative purposes spreads all
discourse levels and actualize in it in different ways. Institutional
relationships impose quite a few conventional restrictions determinate the
character of actualization of genre model in processes of creation and
appreciation of scientific knowledge. Indeed, the genre
of review belongs to the scientific discourse in the sense of realization of
axiological aspect of discourse. However, it is necessary to understand that
extent of reveal of evaluation component in scientific review depending on
discourse application level. The scientific discourse as institutional
foundation organized in the hierarchic way. Thereby, all sphere of the Russian
science discourse consist of the discourse subsets incorporated by the common
communicative aims and social relationships attached to the position in
academic world. The important
condition of maintenance of homogeneous character of the scientific environment
becomes the quality control over scientific knowledge which should be provide
at all stages of its creation and representation to the academic community.
Thus, inside of the scientific discourse as social institution we can mark out
several levels of realization of genre of the review. Already at the
primary stages of verification of unpublished scientific texts, the review
becomes the needed instrument of the evaluation. We suggest that in that case
the communicative purpose includes the procedure of checking of “legitimacy” of
scientific knowledge and compliance of the selected genre form with the
requirements according to norms and standards of the scientific statement. The peer review
permits to establish the threshold level of members with a suitable degree of
relevant content and discourse expertise, and thereby separate scientific texts
from unscientific. As it sees, peer reviewing does not show personal
individuality. If that is so, belonging to internal working documentation makes
review accessible to narrow circle of people. Accordingly, it does not require
the explication of the linguistic personality. Moreover, principles of
reviewing means that the person will be hide to help foster unvarnished
criticism, and to discourage cronyism in funding and publication decisions. It seems that the
academic journals reviews forms separate genre field – we shall name them
“opened” review articles. Evaluative strategy of realization of communicative
purposes bring it together with the genre of “closed” peer reviews, which not
becoming property of the scientific statement. However, ways of their
realization come into being of emerge from other complex of pragmatic
strategies. Consequently, we
can insist that process of peer reviewing based on conceptually other pragmatic
intensions. The text published in the scientific periodical set up for the
scientific statement and potentially become one with the addressee. Rigorous
requirements to language and structural execution of genre model are necessary
for achievement of author's idea clarity, unambiguity of understanding of
meaning to all addressees. Such selective
approach seems to be well-grounded because on the communicative purposes of
scientific community the specific character of genre representation in periodicals
lays. The reviewers
admitted to the publication in leading academic journal are obliged to adhere
to the high standards of the scientific statement and to follow principles of
scientific ethics. The dependability of published information partially based
on presupposition knowledge about history of journal beginnings, scholar
reputation of authors. The genre of the
scientific review article is the independent speech genre intended for
representation of communicative and pragmatic purposes of scholar discourse
community and individual intensions of the reviewer. In this case, the
scientific review article reveals the wide range of communicative tasks and
becomes the independent textual model standing nearby “kernel” [Троянская 1985: 192] genres of scientific
communication. The needs of the
scientific community for the genre of the review article occasioned by such
extralinguistic factors as scientific and technical progress, and recently by
progress of the Internet-communication that allows scientists all of world
operatively connect with each other and share new ideas, but also intend for
further the progress of science. The constant extension of information stream
requires the assure orderliness of scientific knowledge. It is necessary to
highlight the most important for the discourse community parts of discourse. According to
Yu. Rozhdestvensky, the scientific criticism plays the important role in
discourse and “helps to support the integrity of scientific term system as well
as retains the identity of premises of science and image of scientific subject”
[Рождественский 1996: 235]. Genre of the
scientific review article takes up the most important scientific publications
and evaluates their significance in development of the scientific paradigms.
The scientific review article directed to give scholars the opportunity to obtain the new knowledge helps in
further research and precludes the duplication of scientific results.
Evaluative character of the scientific review article plays large part in
forming and development of the scientific discourse. Review article analyze or
discuss research previously published by others. When the scientific
work will be published and available to the scholar community, the purpose of
review’s article gets complementary connotations. Genre purpose besides
evaluative and regulative components involves advertising and educational
aspects. The scientific
review article not only gives the evaluation of scientific work but also puts
it in the context of modern science and provides the synthesis of research on a
topic at that moment in time. It is impossible to imagine the scientific review
article that forms an estimate on the out-of-date concepts of subject of the
analysis. That is, the basis of value findings must be up-to-dateness. Thus,
the review article seems as the response to the new scientific information.
Systematization of scientific knowledge of the certain field of the science
provides by this genre. Therefore, we can mark out implicit communicative
purpose of the genre – systematization of
the scientific knowledge and filling the gaps in the scientific picture of
the world. Refereeing of the scholarly works is act as important component
of scientific knowledge. Such as was pointed, the peer reviewing sifts out
substandard works. Review articles in the leading academic journals of the
country (such as, doubtless, “Вопросы литературы” and “Вопросы языкознания”) discuss the
peer-reviewed works. Thus, the reviewer works with potentially qualitative
scientific product and has more space for the creativity and reconsideration of
the communicative purposes of the genre. It is wrong to believe that the
communicative purpose of the genre of the scientific review article become
apparent in evaluation of the scientific work. Frequently it transforms in the
field for the discussion reflecting disputable issues of the book of research
paradigm. According to
J. Swales [Swales 1990], the set of the communicative purposes could be
changed following changes in social and cultural organization or internal
development of the discourse community. It is necessary to point out that
variety of review’s communicative purposes influenced by the status of social
institution of the science in the society of the nineties of the 20th
century. Sociopolitical
realities of nineties became the reason for depreciation of the academic
institution in the society. That reflected, in particular, on reduction of
review articles. According to Yu. Rozhdestvensky, “The reduction of the
scientific crirticism usually leads to the breach of term system and to the
infringements of the integrity of scientific subject” [Рождественский 1996: 235]. As noted above, the
review article do not assess the texts obviously incongruous with the
requirements of the discourse community. According to Т. Matveeva, “The
choice of the object, the fact that it selects for reviewing already testifies
to the merits of this object and meaningfulness for the general addressee” [КРР 2003: 561]. The discourse community membership
obliges to possess the professional knowledge, to distinguish purposes of
community and to be able to actualize them in speech genres. Infringement of
the mechanism of selection of relevant texts has caused necessity of changing
of the communicative purpose. Review articles
2000s includes in the circle of discussed texts substandard works. Such
broadening of the communicative purpose of the review article connected with
the barest necessity of restoration of the lost integrity of scientific
knowledge. It is necessary to tell, that all set of genres influences the
general character of a discourse therefore changes of one genre entail
transformations of other genres and whole discourse system. Therefore, we can
speak about actualization of the preventive
purpose directing on the protection of science from the low-quality works. Furthermore, we
explicate the didactic purpose of the
scientific review article associated with popularization
of science. I. Shaitanov, professor, Doctor of Philology and the chief
editor of “Вопросы литературы” broaden the circle of potential readers of
journal to the students. It is necessary to tell that genre field of the
scientific review article do not include the didactic problems however
diffusion of discourse bound do not exclude indirect presence of the specified
communicative purpose. The invasion of the commercial relations into the
academic institution causes interdiscourse adoption of the advertising purpose. The advertising purpose in the scientific
review article is to promote the book under review.
The communicative
and pragmatic potential of the genre of the scientific review article
represents in the dynamic set of the communicative purposes. The evaluation and
presentation of the new knowledge in discourse exists the primary genre-forming
intentions. The genre specific of the scientific review article supplements by
not always explicit in regulatory and preventive, advertising and didactic
communicative purposes. The genre-based approach makes possible to expand
notions about genre models in the scientific discourse and to outline new
approaches to reconsideration of the scientific communication and speech genres
that determine the future research.
References.
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246 pр. Swales 1990: Swales, J. Genre analysis : English in Academic and
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1990. – 260 pр. Стаття направлена на концептуалізацію мовленнєвого жанру рецензії в
науковому дискурсі шляхом експлікації жанротворчого параметру комунікативної
мети. Розглядається залежність особливостей мовної реалізації жанрової моделі
від динаміки зміни комунікативних потреб дискурсивної спільноти. Комунікативні
потреби науковців коригують набір комунікативних цілей жанру в залежності від
актуальних прагнень академічної спільноти. Ключові слова: мовленнєвий жанр, рецензія, науковий дискурс, жанрова
модель, дискурсивна спільнота, комунікативна мета.
Available 8
September 2013.
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