Article.
Viktoriya Andrushchenko
УДК 81’42
COHERENCE INTERLEVEL-LINGUISTIC MANIFESTATION WITHIN A BELLES-LETTRES
STYLE TEXT FORMATION
The coherence category interlevel representation in correlation with the
prominent text features within a supra-phrasal unity of the English language
belles-lettres style text whole is characterized. Text levels interrelation and
unity by means of the coherence category linguistic realization within the
English language belles-lettres style text structure is revealed.
Keywords: coherence proper, coherence, cohesion, integrity,
segmentation, continuum, supra-phrasal unity, formal, semantic, communicative,
paradigmatic levels.
The research of text categories spectrum
(I.R. Halperin, O.I. Moskalskaya, A.P. Zahnitko etc.),
coherence and integrity, in particular, from the point of view of their
correlative interrelation with the categories of segmentation and continuum,
appears to be a vector of text linguistics functional analysis. The latter
determines the necessity of these text categories integrative representation
study at the junction of definite levels within a belles-lettres style text structure
owing to coherence (cohesion / coherence) language markers
manifestation that enables to conceive a belles-lettres style text pattern
contensive-sense completion and comprehend its thematic-informative filling.
Until now the problem of text characteristics, its units, and levels
differentiation as well as their mutual predetermination and interdependence by
language factors of the prominent text category realization – coherence
(I.R. Halperin, O.I. Moskalskaya, A.P. Zahnitko etc.) – has
been failed to be interpreted definitely.
All this witnesses the relevance of the research and specifies
the purpose of the analysis that
resides in coherence linguistic formalization qualification as a determinant
text feature of the English language belles-lettres style text unity interlevel
organization. The purpose demands the consideration of the following tasks: 1) trace of coherence
correlation peculiarities both with the categories of integrity, segmentation
and continuum and levels (formal, semantic, communicative, paradigmatic) of a
text whole; 2) ascertaining the significance of coherence linguistic
expression for the English language belles-lettres style text level layers
unification as well as its contensive-informative conceptualization and
implicit-paradigmatic and sense-communicative completion recognition.
Сoherence (cohesion / coherence) together with the categories
of continuum and segmentation has always been considered by linguists as the
most essential text category that provides text integrity, since a
belles-lettres style text pragmatic focus has its own specificity reflected
within text structure in regard with linguistic units of its materialization [Гальперин 2007; Загнітко 2011; Москальская 1981].
At that, a number of special language units (coherence), indicating at direction of
information development (either prospective
or retrospective) and marking the
introductory informational fragment sense relation to the other one or the
whole text (integrity), in general,
determine consistent thematic interpretation (continuum) of an addresser’s message as well as different text
fragments logical combination (segmentation)
in more meaningful semantic blocks.
It is evident that text coherence, activating its other categories, turns out to be
immediately interrelated with them. Due to linguistically marked means of
coherence manifestation analysis (cohesion /coherence)
it is possible to state retrospective-prospective
narration of events within a text (continuum)
and establish boundaries of text continuum segmentation
into supra-phrasal unities (SPUs) that is aimed at an addressee’s
text-informative message integrity
(that is an addresser’s idea, intention, motive) grasp and conceptualization.
A SPU, as a reduced (miniature) scheme of a
text whole (I.R. Halperin, O.I. Moskalskaya,
A.P. Zahnitko etc.), is regarded to be determinant and the longest
syntactic text unit represented by either contact or distant unification of two
or more independent sentence structures (introduction, development and ending)
by means of coherence language markers realization that is dichotomically
manifested by cohesion (formal coherence) / coherence (semantic
coherence) correlation. In fact, sentences integration within a SPU, as a text
itself, is characterized by proper structural-semantic formation, certain
sense-thematic completion and definite communicative-pragmatic integrity.
Therefore, a SPU appears to be a
formal-semantic unit of a sense level which boundaries are established
according to its structural-semantic parameters: 1) formal expression (cohesion) of semantically marked
language units (coherence) within
contact or distant combined independent sentences of a text formation; 2) sense
completion (a definite microtheme narration as a part of global text
macrotheme, providing its integrity);
3) communicative filling (continuum
–retrospective-prospective relations that witness syntactic and semantic
independence of a SPU even beyond the context [Фигуровский 1974: 111] (segmentation)).
The problem of the main text features
distinguishing corresponds with the issue of their interrelation with a text
formation levels examining, their mutual interaction and predetermination,
particularly, within a belles-lettres style text structure, that determines a
range of a text whole delimitation criteria into minimal units in regard with text
levels.
It is a well-known fact that text study as a
linguistic category in linguistics is carried out in several planes: semantic (language signs interaction
while expressing some meaning; language signs distribution and option to make
an utterance sound more expressive etc.), grammatical (grammatical categories formalization; syntactic
synonymy and variants, their transformation possibilities; textual-grammatical
categories), pragmatic-communicative
(text as a message, its locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary
parameters; hermeneutics), compositional
(study of literature) (grammatical and semantic means interrelation within a
text formation) [Бойчук 2008: 263].
Most researchers regard a level-aspectual
approach to be prominent for internal text structure analysis, since the latter
is an integrative system of syntagmatic-horizontal (plane of expression) and
paradigmatic-vertical (plane of content) relations.
As a result, I.Ya. Chernukhina suggests
any text examining (as well as any belles-lettres style text unity) in respect
of such aspects: formal, contensive (sense), functional (communicative) and
pragmatic [Чернухина 1984: 7-8].
The most significant constituents of a text
structure (communicative-mental activity) turn out to be an author (addresser),
a reader (addressee), reflected reality, knowledge about which is expressed in
a text, and a language system, from which an author chooses the linguistic
means that allows him embodying his creative concept adequately [Бабенко 2009: 13]. The enumerated components correspondingly
reveal integration of a text whole levels through which a text unit is studied:
the latter are formal-syntactic, contensive-semantic and
communicative-paradigmatic.
Among these text levels: formal (coherence
language devices), communicative (theme / rheme – new and the already
known information interrelation) it is the semantic one that should be put
special attention to. All text constituents – from longer (a complex syntactic
whole) to shorter (a word) – must be semantically combined with each other and
interrelated with text global content (paradigmatic level). The semantic
relation, being a text basis, specifies its unity and integrity. The rest
partial lexical, formal-grammatical and other manifestations of coherence are
determined by a text general semantic idea [Бабенко 2009: 182].
We, in our turn, share all the linguists’
views at a text as a definite structured and semantically organized parameter
owing to correlative integration of formal-grammatical,
contensive-semantic and functional-paradigmatic levels provided
with the coherence category language markers expression.
At that, it is possible to identify primary
text categories with its levels of their interrelation: cohesion (formal level), coherence
(semantic level), continuum and segmentation (communicative level), integrity (paradigmatic level).
Hence, a modern view at a text turns out to
be a complex unification of the defined approaches and the latest conceptions
of the latter study in regard with which text
– a level (a range of formal, semantic, communicative, paradigmatic
levels (I.Ya. Chernukhina,
A.P. Zahnitko etc.)) horizontally and vertically structured
contensive-functional thematic-rhematic whole of a number of segmented text
units – supra-phrasal unities
(I.R. Halperin, O.I. Moskalskaya, A.P. Zahnitko etc.),
which formal-semantic and communicative-sense organization is determined by the
uppermost characteristic of the categorical text apparatus manifestation – the category of coherence (cohesion / coherence) (L.H. Babenko,
I.R. Halperin, A.P. Zahnitko etc.) – in its correlation with
text categories of integrity, segmentation and continuum due to language means of its expression, since the option
of the latter is predetermined by an addresser’s intentionally marked idea
(I.Ya. Chernukhina, A.P. Zahnitko) codified within a belles-lettres
style text.
Consequently, the research of coherence
linguistic realization comes to be possible at the junction of level (formal,
semantic, communicative and paradigmatic) layers within a belles-lettres style
text formation.
In this case, it is reasonable to analyze at
least one SPU extracted from the English language belles-lettres style text
unity:
1. The alarm-clock went off, jerking Martin out of sleep with a suddenness that
would have given headache to one with less splendid constitution. 2. Though he slept soundly, he
awoke instantly, like a cat, and he awoke eagerly, glad that the five
hours of unconsciousness were gone. 3. He hated the oblivion
of sleep. 4. There was too much to do, too much of life to live. 5. He grudged every
moment of life sleep robbed him of, and before the clock
had ceased its clattering he was head and ears in the wash-basin, and
thrilling to the cold bite of the water (London 2004: 131).
The formal level within the examined SPU is
represented by 1) lexical repetition of the nouns the clock,
sleep, life; 2) the substitution of the antecedent of the
prepositive sentence structure, denoting a proper name, Martin by the demonstrative-substitutive word he of the postpositive sentences; 3) periphrastic repetition of the lexeme sleep; 4) synonymic (synonymic-syntactic) repetition hated – grudged; 5) derivational repetition sleep – slept,
life – live; 6)
deictic-functional elements:
conjunctions (that, though,
and etc.), prepositions (of, with, before etc.), adverbs (soundly, instantly, eagerly etc.), intensifying particles (too), articles (a,
the) etc.
The semantic level is marked by a spectrum of
thematically homogeneous lexical units to denote concepts “sleep, night rest”: the alarm-clock,
sleep, slept, the oblivion of sleep etc.
The communicative level is represented by a
simple theme-rheme chain or linear thematic sequence (TS) (according to
F. Danes) with а constant theme, where new rhemes (synsemantic
sentence structures of SPU) join the theme (T), introduced by the rheme of the
introductory utterance, while the theme itself remains unchanged: 1 (T) / (R) →
2 (R) → 3 (R) → 4 (R) → 5 (R).
The paradigmatic level coincides with the
semantic (sense) one or sense integrity of a belles-lettres style text
formation, in general, that lies in unity of its theme. By that, the whole text
theme (in this case, microtext – SPU) is considered to be a sense nucleus of a
text, its generalized (condensed) content [Moскальская 1981: 114]. Within
the given microthematic context there is an implicit microsense of the analyzed
belles-lettres style text global macrosense – the main protagonist’s
irresistible desire not to spend a minute of his precious life in vain even for
so necessary for each person, from the physiological point of view, need as
sleep in order to manage to enjoy all the sweets of life as well as make the
dearest dreams come true.
Thus, communicative-paradigmatic level of
text continuum development is aimed at vertical vector of its integral
conceptual-thematic content perception, since formal-semantic – at horizontal
one.
It is essential to point out that a
belles-lettres style text system analysis through the prism of text levels
unity (formal, semantic, communicative and paradigmatic) enables to trace to a
greater extent three most significant constituents of the latter – form,
structure and content.
The study of a text structure is the key for
its sense interpretation, since a text structure does not only express the
content of the latter, but reflects interdependence and interconnection of text
formal and contensive planes elements.
Just a text whole, its levels and units,
peculiarities of its composition, structured and marked by a spectrum of
linguistic devices of coherence formal-semantic materialization, are known to
be determinant while embodying an addresser’s concept, providing information
development and an author’s pragmatic intention realization, codified within a
belles-lettres style text, forming idea about it, as, indeed, a
structural-contensive and communicative-paradigmatic systemic-integral
organization. Thereby, the perspective of further research of
the elucidated study involves a deeper analysis of the categorical coherence
linguistic manifestation, detailed trace of its correlative interrelation with
the rest of text features, units and levels within other foreign languages that
will immediately contribute to working out an effective and comprehensive
horizontal-vertical algorithm concerning belles-lettres style text structures
examination as well as description of their formal, semantic, communicative and
paradigmatic completion and filling.
References.
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Sources and Abbreviations
London 2004: London, J. Martin
Eden : [novel] [Text]
/ J. London. – London : Macmillan and Company Edition, 2004. –
367 pp.
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рівневий вияв категорії зв’язності у співвідношенні із провідними текстовими
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Продемонстровано взаємозв’язок та єдність текстових рівнів англомовної
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